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However, the prismatic cell types are more expensive to manufacture than cylindrical cells. The prismatic cell uses a cubic-shaped metal can ( Schröder et al., 2017) with higher packaging flexibility and space efficiency than cylindrical cells. Prismatic cells are primarily used in industrial applications, certain powertrains in hybrid and electric vehicles, and some space applications ( Schröder et al., 2017). The major disadvantage is that the cell’s circular cross-section does not fully utilize the available space when combining cylindrical cells into packs and modules. Cylindrical cells have advantages associated with the ease of manufacturing, mechanical stability, and high internal pressures without deforming ( Schröder et al., 2017). Cylindrical cells are often used in medical instruments, e-bikes, power tools, and electric vehicles ( Blomgren, 2016). Coin cells are typical in small wearable consumer and medical devices such as wristwatches, calculators, and hearing aids, which require capacity levels of hundreds of milli-ampere-hours. These advantages allow Li-ion batteries to support long-term operation and high-current usage in products ranging from cell phones, computers to power tools and automotive applications ( Aalund et al., 2021).Ĭommercial lithium-ion batteries come packaged in primarily four formats: coin, cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch the first three having a hard metal casing.
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Lithium-ion batteries have become the first choice of power for today’s portable electronics due to their relatively high specific capacity, energy density, and power density ( Ren et al., 2018).